4. A New Beginning of Jewish Life

For the holocaust survivors a continuation of life began slowly and timidly. Members of Jewish aid organizations and army rabbis gave the survivors courage to continue. Camp self-administration was quickly established which constantly assumed new responsibilities. At the end of September 1945 a central committee of the liberated Jews in the British Zone was established. Norbert Wollheim, from Lübeck, was elected its vice-president. Jewish newspapers were founded, which were an important symbol of liberation and hope.

Religious life gradually redeveloped. Schools, children's homes, libraries and training centres were established in the camps.

In the British Zone, German Jewish holocaust survivors were not granted DP status. This was due to the Britsh principle of classifying Jews according to nationality, which meant that, in contrast to Jewish DPs, German Jews received no preferential treatment until mid 1946.

Jewish life also slowly redeveloped in the towns. In Schleswig-Holstein new Jewish groups and communities emerged in Eckernförde, Eutin, Witdün, Friedrichstadt, Itzehoe, Neumünster and Kiel. The largest community to be established was in Lübeck. Aside from the procuring of necessities these communities essentially assisted with the registration of missing persons. The re-establishment of the Lübeck synagogue, in September 1945, played an important part in the beginning of a new Jewish community in the Hanse city.

However, understandably almost none of the Jewish DPs and holocaust survivors wished to remain in Germany, the country that had perpetrated the holocaust. Many tried to emigrate to Sweden and the USA, but the vast majority wanted to emigrate to Palestine.


German Text: Henrik Jan Fahlbusch, Sarah Haake, Felix Hurlin, Paul Kononow and Lars Krobitsch.


Section 5