I. Buildings Integral to the Former Life and/or Persecution of Jews in Hamburg - Neustadt/St. Pauli. © Wilhelm Mosel, Deutsch-jüdische Gesellschaft Hamburg. 8. Neanderstraße (Former Elbstraße). Centre of the so-called "Judenbörse" ("Jewish Stock Market"). The former Elbstraße was once, and into the 20th century, the centre of the so-called "Judenbörse" ("Jewish Stock Market") i.e. centre of Jewish street trading. A prejudiced and offensive description of 1861 states: "The selling of goods from barrows in the street is conducted in all parts of the town but chiefly in the area of Großneumarkt, Elbstraße etc. The majority of itinerant traders are Jews, and they are experts at selling. The street barrows, which support a hotchpotch of wares, are covered with 4-5 ft wide boxes or boards to form a table like surface. On fine afternoons they often block the street to such an extent that it is occasionally necessary for the police to regulate order. In the side alleys adjoining Neuer Steinweg these "nomadic traders" form regular colonies. Jewish street-vendor, around 1800. The area is given the epithet "Judenbörse". The Cohns, Bambergers, Hirsches, Wölfes, and whatever they call themselves, with their frizzy, black hair, occupy most of the streets adjacent to Millerntor, i.e. Hütten, Steinwege, Elbstraße, Peterstraße, Schlachterstraße etc.. Garment traders form a row in Steinwege and buy and sell skirts of all kinds. In the houses .. are pastry shops and baker's shops with koscher signs in Hebrew, often pawnbroker's signs; and boots, lottery tickets, cheap frills and furbelows, etc.. Furniture traders line the side alleys. Other neighbouring streets offer other articles of junk. Some traders with pitches in the centre of the "Judenbörse" have hauled everything out onto the street that has real or imaginary value. Second-hand clothes deck the houses, or second-hand boots, rubber shoes, ... washbasins, cups, ... ovens, rusty nails, bird-cages, crinoline, hair-curlers, and thousands of other items hardly recognizable due to age are amassed on tables, barrows, and on the bare cobble stones. Former "Judenbörse" in the former Zweite Elbstraße, seen from Neuer Steinweg. This situation came about due to the conditions under which Jews were allowed to conduct business. Despite all action taken to restrict Jewish small traders, the majority of Jews make their living in such a way. The textile trade was one of the most important areas of business during the 17th and 18th centuries and many new articles were brought onto the market independent of the perogative of the guilds. Jews were always occupied in the second-hand clothing trade. Because the Guild of Small Shopkeepers denighed Jews the right to keep shops and to display shop signs Jews were reliant on calling their wares or touting for customers. This was generally seen as deplorable action. It also damaged the reputation of Jews as there were repeated complaints regarding the Jewish streets and hawkers." "Judenbörse" (Jewish stock-exchange) in Elbstraße, 1910. In 1913 there were still 85 official barrow traders. In this connection a description from 1867 states: "Usury was not common. In regard to the wholesale trade, in particular due to the restricted right of residence, participation in the maritime trade was less prevalent than in the domestic trade. Business in finance and credit was the source of complaints. This business was not large enough to have any corporate influence on the Stock Exchange." Later the L. Wagner department store was situated at Nos. 78-84 in the former Elbstraße. It sold, among other items, haberdashery, knitwear, toys and stationary. Herr R. from Hamburg, an eye-witness, gave the following account in November 1982: On 1.04.1933, the day of the "Judenboykott" i.e. the Nazi boycott of Jewish stores, people entered Wagner's with empty bags to deceive the Nazi "SA" ("Sturmabteilung" i.e.storm troopers) into thinking they had purchased goods. Eventually, L. Wagner, the owner, emerged from the department store wearing his First World War decoration. On this ocassion the "SA" withdrew. German text: Dipl.-Pol. Wilhelm Mosel, Deutsch-Jüdische Gesellschaft, Hamburg.