9. "We lay like fish" - Life on Board

The converted pleasure steamer President Warfield steamed smoothly through the Mediterranean Sea - shadowed by ever more British warships.
4,554 men, women and children had to live together in the most confined space.
Gertrude Babilinska describes the situation on board:
On the journey to Palestine on the Exodus it was cramped; we lay like fish.

The situation worsened daily, as a French diary entry remarks:
The sea began to get rough; the ship listed 25 degrees. That was unusual for the Mediterranean. The majority of passengers suffered from sea-sickness. It was a desperate situation. [...] the crew gave assistance everywhere but to each individual only a little. They vacated their cabins for the sick, and elderely women. Naturally that was not enough and above all it was the irony of fate.

The only change in their lives was the daily 45 minute walk on deck, and shower, as Dov Freiberg remarks:
I remember we were washing and an American sailor stood there with a large hose and sprayed us with water. It was fantastic.

As many as 6 British warships pursued in the wake of the President Warfield.

(United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington D.C.).

Wooden bunks on the President Warfield.

(Archiv Günther Schwarberg, Hamburg).


German Text: Henrik Jan Fahlbusch, Sarah Haake, Felix Hurlin, Paul Kononow and Lars Krobitsch.


Section 10